Clinical Challenges in Soft Robotics

Abstract

The potential of a new research field is often estimated by its rapid growth in the previous decade; however, an equally steep decline can follow unless the scientific community makes a concerted effort to achieve the desired goal. Soft robots ranging from microscale (micron to submillimeter) to larger‐scale devices (millimeter to centimeter and beyond) are being developed rapidly. Microscale soft robots present an opportunity to access and navigate inoperable human body regions to provide minimally invasive diagnostics and treatment. Recently, some soft‐bodied robots have reached clinical translation. Despite promising developments, many scientific and technical challenges must be addressed before considering their clinical application. Herein, the design and development hurdles of soft‐robotic medical devices are discussed. Herein, critical factors, including material selection, potential cytotoxicity concerns, and limitations in locomotion capabilities, are comprehensively analyzed. Moving beyond these challenges, the promising prospects for these soft‐bodied materials and their applications are explored. This exploration encompasses a diverse array of soft robots, ranging from biocompatible microrobots designed for targeted drug delivery to futuristic neural interfaces with the potential to revolutionize human–machine interaction. In conclusion, a potential road map for clinical translation is we proposed, envisioning the transformative possibilities of soft‐robotic medical devices in the coming decades.