Placement of Stereotactic Electroencephalography Depth Electrodes Using the Stealth Autoguide Robotic System: Technical Methods and Initial Results

摘要

BACKGROUND: Robotic systems are gaining acceptance as a preferred tool for the placement of electrodes for stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) studies. OBJECTIVE: To describe the technical methods for insertion of SEEG using the Medtronic Stealth Autoguide robotic system and detailed outcomes in the initial 9 patients implanted. METHODS: Nine patients underwent placement of electrodes for SEEG studies with the use of the Autoguide system. Patients had at least 10 electrodes placed. Targets were planned on a Stealth S8 planning station, and electrodes were placed under general anesthesia. A technique for placement is described in detail. Patient outcomes and accuracy of electrode placement were evaluated. Methods to improve accuracy were investigated. Comparison of postoperative MRIs with preoperative planning MRIs was performed to determine the accuracy of electrode placement. RESULTS: One hundred two electrodes were placed in 9 patients. Methods for placement and technical nuances are detailed. The distance from the planned target to the actual position of the electrode tip was measured in 8 of the 9 patients. The mean Euclidean distance was 4.67 ± 0.27 mm. There was 1 placement-related hemorrhage deficit in the first patient, and no deaths or infections. Adequate positioning of electrodes for seizure monitoring was obtained in all patients. CONCLUSION: Autoguide can be used for placement of electrodes for SEEG studies with acceptable degrees of patient safety, accuracy, and efficiency. Considering the cost of Autoguide compared with other robotic devices, it may be attractive option.