Development of a Smart Autonomous Irrigation System Using Iot and AI

Abstract

Agricultural irrigation ensures that the water required for plant growth is delivered to the soil in a controlled manner. However, uncontrolled management can lead to water waste while reducing agricultural productivity. Drip irrigation systems, which have been one of the most efficient methods since the 1970s, are modernised with IoT and artificial intelligence in this study, aiming to both increase efficiency and prevent water waste. The developed system is designed to be applicable to different agricultural production areas and tested with a prototype consisting of 3 rows and 3 columns. The project will commence with the transmission of environmental data from the ESP32 microcontroller to a computer via USB connection, where it will be processed using an LSTM model to perform learning and prediction. The user will be able to control the system manually or delegate it to artificial intelligence through the Blynk application. The system includes ESP32 microcontroller, rain and soil moisture sensors, DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, relays, solenoid valves and 12V power supply. The system aims to increase labour productivity and contribute to the conservation of water resources by enabling agricultural and greenhouse workers to focus on processes other than irrigation. In addition, the developed autonomous irrigation system will support the spread of sustainable agricultural practices and increase agricultural productivity. Keywords: Autonomous Irrigation, IoT, Artificial Intelligence, Agriculture, Water Management