Review on Robotic Systems for Environmental Monitoring

Abstract

This article explores recent advancements in robotic systems for environmental monitoring (EM). It covers various types of sensors employed in this field, including air quality sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, and wind speed and pressure sensors. These sensors are categorized based on their primary sensing mechanisms, such as electrochemical, metal oxide, photoionization, and optical sensors. This article also provides a comprehensive review of robotic systems used in EM, detailing their applications in wildlife observation, conservation, habitat mapping, atmospheric studies, vegetation and forest health monitoring, agricultural crop assessment, coastal and marine environment monitoring, and disaster response. The review includes an examination of different robotic platforms, including wheeled robots, legged robots, and drones.