Industrial robot
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An industrial robot is a programmable, automatically controlled mechanical manipulator designed to perform repetitive or complex physical tasks in manufacturing and production environments. Typically consisting of a multi-joint robotic arm mounted on a fixed base, these systems execute operations such as welding, assembly, machining, material handling, painting, and quality inspection with high speed and precision. In robotics and AI, industrial robots are engineered using principles of kinematics, dynamic modeling, calibration, and advanced control strategies—including PID, sliding mode, and iterative learning control—to maximize positioning accuracy, repeatability, and energy efficiency. Modern systems increasingly incorporate machine learning, digital twins, and augmented reality to enable adaptive behavior and smarter decision-making on the production floor. Human-robot collaboration (HRC) has become a significant focus, allowing robots and workers to share tasks safely and intuitively. Industrial robots matter because they drive manufacturing productivity, consistency, and scalability while reducing costs and carbon emissions. As Industry 4.0 advances, these systems form the backbone of intelligent, flexible production lines, making understanding their design, control, and safe integration essential for engineers entering the field.
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Collaborative manufacturing with physical human–robot interaction
Andrea Cherubini, Robin Passama, André Crosnier, Antoine Lasnier, Philippe Fraisse
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Sandra Robla-Gómez, Victor M. Becerra, J.R. Llata, Esther Gonzalez‐Sarabia, Carlos Torre‐Ferrero, Juan Pérez-Oria
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Robot skills for manufacturing: From concept to industrial deployment
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Fast Nonlinear Control with Arbitrary Pole-Placement for Industrial Robots and Manipulators
Ε. Freund
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Dynamic Model Identification for Industrial Robots
Jan Swevers, Walter Verdonck, Joris De Schutter
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Digital twin driven human–robot collaborative assembly
Arne Bilberg, Ali Ahmad Malik
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Robot arm geometric link parameter estimation
S. Hayati
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Joint stiffness identification of six-revolute industrial serial robots
Claire Dumas, Stéphane Caro, Sébastien Garnier, Benoît Furet
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Improving the absolute positioning accuracy of robot manipulators
S. Hayati, Maj Mirmirani
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Modeling and Identification of an Industrial Robot for Machining Applications
Eberhard Abele, Matthias Weigold, Stefan Rothenbücher
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Industrial Robot Forward Calibration Method and Results
Daniel E. Whitney, C. Lozinski, J. M. Rourke
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Assessing the impact of industrial robots on manufacturing energy intensity in 38 countries
En‐Ze Wang, Chien‐Chiang Lee, Yaya Li
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An adaptive iterative learning control algorithm with experiments on an industrial robot
Mikael Norrlöf
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Stiffness-oriented posture optimization in robotic machining applications
Yingjie Guo, Huiyue Dong, An Li
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A technique to calibrate industrial robots with experimental verification
R.P. Judd, A.B. Knasinski
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Assessment of operator stress induced by robot collaboration in assembly
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AR-based interaction for human-robot collaborative manufacturing
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Robust independent joint controller design for industrial robot manipulators
T.C. Hsia, Ty A. Lasky, Zhaomiao Guo
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