Electronic materials

25th Anniversary Article: The Evolution of Electronic Skin (E‐Skin): A Brief History, Design Considerations, and Recent Progress

Mallory L. Hammock, Alex Chortos, Benjamin C. K. Tee, Jeffrey B.‐H. Tok, Zhenan Bao

Citations: 2362 • 2013

Stretchable and self-healing polymers and devices for electronic skin

Stephanie J. Benight, Chao Wang, Jeffrey B.‐H. Tok, Zhenan Bao

Citations: 607 • 2013

Skin-inspired electronic devices

Alex Chortos, Zhenan Bao

Citations: 569 • 2014

Rehealable, fully recyclable, and malleable electronic skin enabled by dynamic covalent thermoset nanocomposite

Zhanan Zou, Chengpu Zhu, Yan Li, Xingfeng Lei, Wei Zhang, Jianliang Xiao

Citations: 500 • 2018

Flexible electronic skins based on piezoelectric nanogenerators and piezotronics

Hui Yuan, Tianmin Lei, Yong Qin, Rusen Yang

Citations: 253 • 2019

Sophisticated skin

Siegfried Bauer

Citations: 232 • 2013

Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials

Kyoseung Sim, Zhoulyu Rao, Faheem Ershad, Cunjiang Yu

Citations: 151 • 2019

Hydroprinted Electronics: Ultrathin Stretchable Ag–In–Ga E-Skin for Bioelectronics and Human–Machine Interaction

Pedro Alhais Lopes, Hugo Paisana, Anı́bal T. de Almeida, Carmel Majidi, Mahmoud Tavakoli

Citations: 138 • 2018

Direct-ink-writing 3D-printed bioelectronics

Roland Yingjie Tay, Yu Song, Dickson R. Yao, Wei Gao

Citations: 122 • 2023

Cu–EGaIn enabled stretchable e-skin for interactive electronics and CT assistant localization

Bixiao Cui, Xiaojing Zhao, Minghui Duan, Xuyang Sun, Ruiqi Zhao, Lei Sheng, Jing Liu, Jie Lu

Citations: 90 • 2020

Innovation Strategy Selection Facilitates High-Performance Flexible Piezoelectric Sensors

Shengshun Duan, Jun Wu, Jun Xia, Wei Lei

Citations: 79 • 2020

Flexible and Stretchable Bioelectronics

Chandani Chitrakar, Eric Hedrick, Lauren Adegoke, Melanie Ecker

Citations: 62 • 2022

Fast and Facile Liquid Metal Printing via Projection Lithography for Highly Stretchable Electronic Circuits

Dong Wu, Shuwang Wu, Poom Narongdej, Sidi Duan, Chi Chen, Yichen Yan, Zixiao Liu, Wen Hong, Imri Frenkel, Ximin He

Citations: 62 • 2023

Recent development of sustainable self-healable electronic skin applications, a review with insight

Jean‐Sebastien Benas, Fang‐Cheng Liang, Manikandan Venkatesan, Zhen‐Li Yan, Wei‐Cheng Chen, Su‐Ting Han, Ye Zhou, Chi‐Ching Kuo

Citations: 58 • 2023

Fully rubbery synaptic transistors made out of all-organic materials for elastic neurological electronic skin

Hyunseok Shim, Seonmin Jang, Jae Gyu Jang, Zhoulyu Rao, Jong‐In Hong, Kyoseung Sim, Cunjiang Yu

Citations: 51 • 2021

Neuromorphic Liquids, Colloids, and Gels: A Review

Noushin Raeisi Kheirabadi, Alessandro Chiolerio, Konrad Szaciłowski, Andrew Adamatzky

Citations: 36 • 2022

Integrating bioelectronics with cell-based synthetic biology

Jonathan Rivnay, Ritu Raman, Jacob T. Robinson, Christian C. Schreib, Tzahi Cohen‐Karni, Kate E. Galloway, Omid Veiseh

Citations: 34 • 2025

Neuromorphic devices for electronic skin applications

Chandrashekhar S. Patil, Sourabh B. Ghode, Jungmin Kim, Girish U. Kamble, Somnath S. Kundale, Abdul Mannan, Youngbin Ko, Muhammad Noman, Qazi Muhammad Saqib, Swapnil R. Patil, Sangrak Bae, Jin Hyeok Kim, Jun Hong Park, Jinho Bae

Citations: 33 • 2025

Intrinsic ionic confinement dynamic engineering of ionomers with low dielectric-k, high healing and stretchability for electronic device reconfiguration

Jingwen Wang, Yapeng Zheng, Wei Ren, Edison Huixiang Ang, Lei Song, Jixin Zhu, Yuan Hu

Citations: 32 • 2022

Perspectives on tissue-like bioelectronics for neural modulation

Changxu Sun, Zhe Cheng, Jj Abu-Halimah, Bozhi Tian

Citations: 30 • 2023