Swarm robotics
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Swarm robotics is a field of robotics that coordinates large numbers of relatively simple, autonomous robots to collectively accomplish tasks that would be difficult or impossible for a single robot. Inspired by the self-organizing behavior of biological systems — such as ant colonies, bird flocks, and fish schools — swarm robots operate through local interactions and decentralized control rather than relying on a central commander or global knowledge. Each robot follows straightforward rules, yet the group exhibits sophisticated emergent behaviors such as collective navigation, self-assembly, foraging, and formation control. In AI and robotics research, swarm systems are studied through frameworks like particle swarm optimization, stigmergy, and evolutionary algorithms to design and refine these collective strategies. Swarm robotics matters because it offers scalability, robustness, and fault tolerance — if individual robots fail, the swarm continues functioning. These properties make swarm systems highly promising for real-world applications including search and rescue, environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, and exploration of hazardous or cluttered environments where deploying a single capable robot would be impractical.
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A new optimizer using particle swarm theory
R.C. Eberhart, James Kennedy
Citations: 14853 • 2002
Swarm Intelligence
Eric Bonabeau, Marco Dorigo, Guy Théraulaz
Citations: 6404 • 1999
Swarm robotics: a review from the swarm engineering perspective
Manuele Brambilla, Eliseo Ferrante, Mauro Birattari, Marco Dorigo
Citations: 1708 • 2013
Evolutionary Robotics
Stefano Nolfi, Dario Floreano
Citations: 1514 • 2000
Programmable self-assembly in a thousand-robot swarm
Michael Rubenstein, Alejandro Donohué-Cornejo, Radhika Nagpal
Citations: 1238 • 2014
Swarm Intelligence in Cellular Robotic Systems
G. Beni, Jing Wang
Citations: 965 • 1993
Swarm Robotics: From Sources of Inspiration to Domains of Application
Erol Şahi̇n
Citations: 945 • 2005
A Survey on Aerial Swarm Robotics
Soon‐Jo Chung, Aditya A. Paranjape, Philip Dames, Shaojie Shen, Vijay Kumar
Citations: 634 • 2018
Kilobot: A low cost scalable robot system for collective behaviors
Michael Rubenstein, Christian Ahler, Radhika Nagpal
Citations: 621 • 2012
Swarm of micro flying robots in the wild
Xin Zhou, Xiangyong Wen, Zhepei Wang, Yuman Gao, Haojia Li, Qianhao Wang, Tiankai Yang, Haojian Lu, Yanjun Cao, Chao Xu, Fei Gao
Citations: 539 • 2022
Bio-inspired artificial intelligence: theories, methods, and technologies
Citations: 505 • 2009
Swarm Robotic Behaviors and Current Applications
Melanie Schranz, Martina Umlauft, Micha Sende, Wilfried Elmenreich
Citations: 439 • 2020
A review of swarm robotics tasks
Levent Bayındır
Citations: 434 • 2015
Swarmanoid: A Novel Concept for the Study of Heterogeneous Robotic Swarms
Marco Dorigo, Dario Floreano, Luca Maria Gambardella, Francesco Mondada, Stefano Nolfi, Tarek Baaboura, Mauro Birattari, Michaël Bonani, Manuele Brambilla, Arne Brutschy, Daniel Burnier, Alexandre Campo, Anders Lyhne Christensen, Antal Decugniere, Gianni A. Di, Frederick Ducatelle, Eliseo Ferrante, Alexander Förster, J. M. Gonzáles, Jérôme Guzzi, Valentin Longchamp, Stéphane Magnenat, Nithin Mathews, Marco Montes de, Rehan O’Grady, Carlo Pinciroli, Giovanni Pini, Philippe Rétornaz, James F. Roberts, Valerio Sperati, Timothy Stirling, Alessandro Stranieri, Thomas Stützle, Vito Trianni, Elio Tuci, Ali Emre Turgut, Florian Vaussard
Citations: 408 • 2013
Stigmergy, Self-Organization, and Sorting in Collective Robotics
Owen Holland, Chris Melhuish
Citations: 406 • 1999
Human Interaction With Robot Swarms: A Survey
Andreas Kolling, Phillip Walker, Nilanjan Chakraborty, Katia Sycara, Michael Lewis
Citations: 401 • 2015
Interaction and Intelligent Behavior.
Maja J. Matarić
Citations: 388 • 1994
Region-based shape control for a swarm of robots
Chien Chern Cheah, Saing Paul Hou, J.-J.E. Slotine
Citations: 387 • 2009
From Swarm Intelligence to Swarm Robotics
G. Beni
Citations: 376 • 2005
Swarm Robotics: Past, Present, and Future [Point of View]
Marco Dorigo, Guy Théraulaz, Vito Trianni
Citations: 363 • 2021