Programmable Matter or Smart Matter, Stimulated Organization and 4D Printing

Abstract

This chapter examines how we can exploit the overall principle of gathering separate components. Thus having reviewed this principle, it will be possible to envisage examples of self-organization which will partly serve as examples of 4D printing. The idea of 4D printing tackles the assembly and the installation of products/objects which may be able to self-assemble and their implementation in environments facilitated by "Programmable Matter". A 4D technology still in the process of assembly of programmed development of robots may consist of creating "catoms", capable of self-assembling magnetically to produce any object. The chapter explores stimulated conversion of matter pathways. It shows the possibility of moving a droplet of matter by the provision of external energy. On this principle basis, minuscule swimming robots containing particles of iron oxide linked by chemical bonds are able to move.