A Scoping Review on Artificial Intelligence in Occupational Therapy

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into occupational therapy, enhancing rehabilitation, assessment, and assistive technologies. However, its applications and challenges remain underexplored. This scoping review maps AI applications in occupational therapy, identifying benefits and challenges to inform practice and research. Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, a systematic search of six databases identified studies published between 2015 and 2025. Data were analyzed using a mixed inductive-deductive qualitative content analysis approach. AI is primarily applied in motor rehabilitation, functional assessment, assistive technology, and telerehabilitation. Robotic therapy and machine learning-driven assessments improve intervention precision and accessibility. Challenges include high costs, limited therapist training, and ethical concerns. AI offers promising advancements for occupational therapy but requires strategic implementation. Future research should address ethical considerations, therapist training, and AI applications beyond rehabilitation to optimize integration into practice.