Artificial intelligence and robotics in intensive care units (ICUs): A review of critical care innovations

Abstract

Critical care delivery is undergoing a radical transformation with the integration of AI and robotics into the intensive care unit (ICU) workflow. An extensive summary of recent developments, applications, and difficulties relating to AI and robotic systems in intensive care units is provided in this article. Machine learning, natural language processing, predictive analytics, and other AI technologies improve clinical decision-making, risk assessment, early diagnosis, and therapy tailoring. At the same time, robotic devices also help in providing physical support, disinfection, patient monitoring, automated processes, and remote surgery. The review also talks about AI-robotics systems that work together, like AI-powered ICU documentation, exoskeleton-assisted rehabilitation, and AI-driven triage bots. Although there is a great deal of promise to enhance patient outcomes and workflow efficiency, obstacles like data privacy, high costs, technological restrictions, and staff opposition hinder the uptake of these technologies. Future directions include autonomous intensive care units, closed-loop ventilator management systems, tailored AI, and increased research to fill the current gaps. The review emphasizes how crucial robotics and artificial intelligence will be in determining the direction of critical care in the future. • AI and robotics enhance ICU logistics, patient care, and efficiency, reshaping the future of critical care. • AI aids decisions, risk checks, and treatment plans; robotics supports care tasks and ICU automation. • Integrated AI-robotics systems are emerging as synergistic innovations in critical care. • Adoption faces hurdles like data privacy, cost, and staff resistance.