Autonomous delivery robots: differences in consumer´s acceptance in the USA, Europe, and Asia

Abstract

• A survey of 1344 participants across three continents assesses ADR acceptability. • Structural Equation Modeling and Ordered Logit Model are used for data analysis. • Factors influencing ADR adoption include ease of use, risk and price. • The study reveals regional disparities in ADR adoption patters. • It is essential that ADRs seamlessly integrate into different urban environments. Recent advancements in autonomous delivery robots have the potential to transform the current paradigm of urban freight transport, lowering operational costs and improving reliability and safety. However, there is limited information on how users across the world will perceive these upcoming solutions. The study aims to pinpoint the key features influencing current users and future users of autonomous delivery robots. It employs two statistical models based on a field study of 1344 e-commerce customers across Europe, Asia, and the USA to explain these characteristics. An ordered logit model combines data from all three continents to give insights into the factors influencing global current demand for autonomous delivery robots. Additionally, three independent structural equation models, each focusing on a specific region were employed to analyze future demand, facilitating a comparison of key variables influencing potential usage across regions. Individuals already familiar with ADR technology tend to show greater acceptance, influenced by factors such as its design, perceived environmental benefits in urban settings, and overall trust and good perception toward the technology. Across the three surveyed regions, ease of use consistently emerges as a shared priority. However, in Europe and the USA, cost considerations and the perceived risks associated with technology competence play a more significant role, while social influences strongly impact adoption in Europe and Asia.