Intersphincteric Resection for Low Rectal Cancer: A Review of Anatomy and Surgical Techniques, Oncologic and Functional Outcomes and the Role of Robotics

Abstract

Intersphincteric resection (ISR) for low rectal cancer is a relatively novel anal-sparing technique that requires a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the deep pelvic space and advanced surgical skills. The development of laparoscopic intersphincteric resection, through magnification of the surgical field, has renewed the interest in the anatomical description of the anal canal and deep pelvis, which has been historically fraught with inconsistencies.