Reconfiguring room-scale magnetoquasistatic wireless power transfer with hierarchical resonators

Abstract

Magnetoquasistatic wireless power transfer can deliver substantial power to mobile devices over near-field links. Room-scale implementations, such as quasistatic cavity resonators, extend this capability over large enclosed volumes, but their efficiency drops sharply for centimeter-scale or misoriented receivers because the magnetic field is spatially broad and weakly coupled to small coils. Here, we introduce hierarchical resonators that act as selectively activated relays within a room-scale quasistatic cavity resonator, capturing the ambient magnetic field and re-emitting it to concentrate flux at a target receiver. This architecture reconfigures the wireless power environment on demand and enables localized energy delivery to miniature devices. Experimentally, the hierarchical link improves power transfer efficiency by more than two orders of magnitude relative to direct room-scale transfer and delivers up to 500 mW of DC power to a 15 mm receiver. We further demonstrate selective multi-relay operation and field reorientation for furniture-embedded charging scenarios. These results establish a scalable route to reconfigurable wireless power delivery for miniature and batteryless devices in room-scale environments.