Structures and machines

摘要

The notions: Structure and machine are very general. Vaguely speaking they mean: a certain organization of a whole and some energized structure with some inputs and outputs in respect to the environment, respectively structures and inostructures (ie. input-output structures) occur very often and almost everywhere. Therefore one could speak of structures occuring in a determined field (e.g. mathematical structures, biological structures, economical structures, etc). In particular, in biology and in economics we encounter very various structures; every individual, every community of individuals, a state etc, are examples of structures. The cosmos is a very compound structure. In mathematics every transformation is interpretable as a structure to which various energized structures, machines, could be associated. This is an example of a general phenomenon consisting in associating to given structure (s) another structure (s). In particular on imitating various biological, social, structures one might consider various robots with all variety of ever new applications in ever new fields. Inter-relations between structures, informations, languages and mutual understanding are of paramount importance. E.g. it is of vital importance to operate reasonably with various robots to avoid the annihilation of human species, of our globe or other parts of the cosmos. This warning is a real item-and it is to be considered in conexion with cosmical relations of man and with mutual relations of various (living or non-living) structures and robots.