Lunar Farside Radio Lab : A "Cosmic Study" by the International Academy of Astronautics

摘要

The “Lunar Farside Radio Lab” Study of the IAA, started in 1998 by late French astronomer Jean Heidmann (1923-2000), underwent substantial extensions and revisions since its coordination was taken up by this author in 2000. These modifications can be summarized as follows: 1) The goal of the Study was enlarged so as to encompass the whole of radio astronomy, rather than just SETI. 2) It was stressed that, from the Lunar Farside, one can detect radio frequencies lower than 15 MHz (i.e. wavelenghts longer than 20 m) impossible to detect from the Earth because of the blocking effect of the Earth’s ionosphere. By detecting these radio waves from the Farside of the Moon, new discoveries should be expected especially in the fields of Cosmology and Stellar Astrophysics. 3) Lunar Farside Crater Saha, initially selected by Heidmann to host a radiotelescope, was replaced by Lunar Farside Crater Daedalus, located just at the Earth’s Antipode on the Moon Farside. In fact, Daedalus is much more shielded than “Saha”, not only against the radiation emitted by any future spacecraft orbiting the Earth at distances higher than the geostationary orbit, but even against the radiation emitted by the future Space Stations located at the triangular Lagrangian points L4 and L5 of the Earth-Moon system, as proposed decades ago by Jerry O’Neill of Princeton University. 4) Four different scenario were envisaged for the relevant space mission, dubbed RadioMoon: a) Cheapest and easiest of all, just a spacecraft orbiting the Moon in its equatorial plane and carrying a 3-meter inflatable antenna detecting radio signals from the Universe when in the Shadow of the Earth, and downloading the data when above the Nearside. b) More expensive but not-so-hard-to-make: just the same as a) but with two or more spacecrafts, so as to create and interferometric Array in orbit around the Moon. c) More expensive still and hard-to-make, landing a Phased Array inside Daedalus and keeping the link with the Earth by a relay satellite in circular orbit around the Moon. d) Very expensive and difficult: the same as in b) but with the goal of creating of an Array of Phased Arrays inside Daedalus. Much robotic work would then be requested plus one or more relay satellites orbiting the Moon. Finally, legal protection of Daedalus from radio-pollution was sought, initially by virtue of the IISL This is a very important issue, that should be soon presented to the United Nations Committee for the Peaceful Use of Outer Space. The “Lunar Farside Radio Lab” Study of the IAA should be published in 2004. The current status and future prospects of this “Cosmic Study” of the IAA are explained and justified in this paper. 1 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law 29 September 3 October 2003, Bremen, Germany IAC-03-IAA.8.3.03 Copyright © 2003 by the International Astronautical Federation. All rights reserved. 1. Historical Introduction: Jean Heidmann’s 1994 Proposal for a SETI Base in the Farside Saha Crater Bioastronomical signals currently searched for by radio astronomers fall into two classes: 1) Radio signatures of molecules important to the development of life, like the 22 GHz water