Operator (biology)
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In molecular biology, an operator is a regulatory DNA sequence that controls the transcription of adjacent genes by binding specific repressor or activator proteins. In the context of robotics and AI, the term "operator" most commonly refers to the human worker or supervisor who commands, monitors, or collaborates with a robotic system—whether in teleoperation, human-robot collaboration, or assistive exoskeleton applications. Additionally, mathematical operators such as the Koopman operator are increasingly used in robotics to transform nonlinear dynamical systems into linear representations, enabling more tractable control design for complex platforms like soft robots. The concept also appears in learning frameworks, where neural operators like DeepONet approximate functional mappings across infinite-dimensional spaces. Understanding operators in all these senses matters because modern robotics increasingly depends on seamless integration between human supervisors, intelligent control algorithms, and physical systems—making clear definitions of roles, mathematical tools, and biological inspirations essential for designing safe, efficient, and collaborative robotic applications across manufacturing, surgery, and assistive technology.
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Learning nonlinear operators via DeepONet based on the universal approximation theorem of operators
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Stable adaptive teleoperation
G. Niemeyer, J.-J.E. Slotine
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A Steady-Hand Robotic System for Microsurgical Augmentation
Russell H. Taylor, Pat Jensen, Louis L. Whitcomb, Rajesh Kumar, Dan Stoianovici, Puneet Gupta, Zhengxian Wang, E. deJuan, Louis R. Kavoussi
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Universal plans for reactive robots in unpredictable environments
Marcel Schoppers
Citations: 479 • 1987
Genetic Algorithm Based Approach for Autonomous Mobile Robot Path Planning
Chaymaa Lamini, Said Benhlima, Ali Elbekri
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Hand Posture Subspaces for Dexterous Robotic Grasping
Matei Ciocarlie, Peter K. Allen
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Power assist method for HAL-3 using EMG-based feedback controller
Hiroaki Kawamoto, Suwoong Lee, Shoji Kanbe, Yoshiyuki Sankai
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Control method of robot suit HAL working as operator's muscle using biological and dynamical information
T. Hayashi, Hiroaki Kawamoto, Yoshiyuki Sankai
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The Koopman Operator in Systems and Control
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Cobots: Robots for Collaboration With Human Operators
J. Edward Colgate, Witaya Wannasuphoprasit, Michael A. Peshkin
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Dynamic path planning of mobile robots with improved genetic algorithm
Adem Tuncer, Mehmet Yıldırım
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Introduction to Robotics
B.S. Dhillon
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Data-Driven Control of Soft Robots Using Koopman Operator Theory
Daniel Bruder, Xun Fu, R. Brent Gillespie, C. David Remy, Ram Vasudevan
Citations: 283 • 2020
Assessment of operator stress induced by robot collaboration in assembly
Tamio Arai, Ryu Kato, Masayuki Fujita
Citations: 248 • 2010
Towards An Operator 4.0 Typology: A Human-Centric Perspective On The Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies
David Romero Díaz, Johan Stahre, Thorsten Wuest, Ovidiu Noran, Péter Bernus, Åsa Fast–Berglund, Dominic Gorecky
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Augmented reality system for operator support in human–robot collaborative assembly
Sotiris Makris, Panagiotis Karagiannis, Spyridon Koukas, Aleksandros-Stereos Matthaiakis
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Variable admittance control of a four-degree-of-freedom intelligent assist device
Alexandre Campeau‐Lecours, Boris Mayer-St-Onge, Clément Gosselin
Citations: 219 • 2012
TOWARDS AN OPERATOR 4.0 TYPOLOGY: A HUMAN-CENTRIC PERSPECTIVE ON THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TECHNOLOGIES
Romero David, Johan Stahre, Thorsten Wuest, Ovidiu Noran, Péter Bernus, Åsa Fasth Berglund, Dominic Gorecky
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Multi-robot remote driving with collaborative control
Terrence Fong, C. Thorpe, Charles Baur
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Active collision avoidance for human–robot collaboration driven by vision sensors
Abdullah Mohammed, Bernard Schmidt, Lihui Wang
Citations: 193 • 2016