Formal verification

Related papers: 20

About

Formal verification is a mathematically rigorous approach to proving that a system behaves correctly according to a precise specification, using techniques such as model checking, theorem proving, and runtime verification. Unlike testing or simulation, which can only examine a finite set of scenarios, formal verification exhaustively analyzes all possible system states or executes monitors during operation to guarantee that certain properties always hold or never occur. In robotics and AI, formal verification is applied to ensure safety-critical behaviors in autonomous systems, multi-robot coordination, motion planning, human-robot collaboration, and robotic operating system frameworks like ROS. Tools such as timed automata and Petri nets allow engineers to model concurrent robot actions, timing constraints, and communication protocols, then automatically check whether the system satisfies requirements like collision avoidance or task completion guarantees. Formal verification matters because autonomous robots increasingly operate in unpredictable environments alongside humans, where failures can cause physical harm or mission-critical errors. By providing mathematical proof of correctness rather than empirical confidence, it strengthens trust, supports regulatory compliance, and enables safer deployment of robotic systems in healthcare, manufacturing, autonomous driving, and other high-stakes domains.

Top Cited Papers

Limits for automatic verification of finite-state concurrent systems

Krzysztof R. Apt, Dexter Kozen

Citations: 375 • 1986

Formal Specification and Verification of Autonomous Robotic Systems

Matt Luckcuck, Marie Farrell, Louise A. Dennis, Clare Dixon, Michael Fisher

Citations: 264 • 2019

Formal Approach to the Deployment of Distributed Robotic Teams

Yu‐Shan Chen, Xu Chu Ding, Alin Ştefănescu, Călin Belta

Citations: 140 • 2011

Multi-robot planning : a timed automata approach

Michael Melholt Quottrup, Thomas Bak

Citations: 105 • 2004

ROSRV: Runtime Verification for Robots

Jeff Huang, Cansu Erdoğan, Yi Zhang, Brandon Moore, Qingzhou Luo, Aravind Sundaresan, Grigore Roşu

Citations: 97 • 2014

Combining Model Checking and Runtime Verification for Safe Robotics

Ankush Desai, Tommaso Dreossi, Sanjit A. Seshia

Citations: 75 • 2017

Cluster Tools With Chamber Revisiting—Modeling and Analysis Using Timed Petri Nets

W.M. Zuberek

Citations: 73 • 2004

“Dave...I can assure you ...that it’s going to be all right ...” A Definition, Case for, and Survey of Algorithmic Assurances in Human-Autonomy Trust Relationships

Citations: 72 • 2019

Safety Assessment of Collaborative Robotics Through Automated Formal Verification

Federico Vicentini, Mehrnoosh Askarpour, Matteo Rossi, Dino Mandrioli

Citations: 71 • 2019

Toward Reliable Autonomous Robotic Assistants Through Formal Verification: A Case Study

Matt Webster, Clare Dixon, Michael Fisher, Maha Salem, Joe Saunders, Kheng Lee Koay, Kerstin Dautenhahn, Joan Sàez-Pons

Citations: 70 • 2015

Living with Uncertainty in the Age of Runtime Models

Holger Giese, Nelly Bencomo, Liliana Pasquale, Andres J. Ramirez, Paola Inverardi, Sebastian Wätzoldt, Siobhán Clarke

Citations: 65 • 2014

Formal verification of a TDMA protocol start-up mechanism

Henrik Lönn, Paul Pettersson

Citations: 65 • 2002

Verification of Hybrid Systems

Laurent Doyen, Goran Frehse, George J. Pappas, André Platzer

Citations: 62 • 2018

Formal methods to comply with rules of the road in autonomous driving: State of the art and grand challenges

Noushin Mehdipour, Matthias Althoff, Radboud Duintjer Tebbens, Călin Belta

Citations: 62 • 2023

Runtime Verification of Component-Based Systems

Ylìès Falcone, Mohamad Jaber, Thanh-Hung Nguyen, Marius Bozga, Saddek Bensalem

Citations: 57 • 2011

Formal Verification of ROS-Based Robotic Applications Using Timed-Automata

Raju Halder, José Proença, Nuno Macedo, André Santos

Citations: 57 • 2017

A corroborative approach to verification and validation of human–robot teams

Citations: 52 • 2019

ROSMonitoring: A Runtime Verification Framework for ROS

Angelo Ferrando, Rafael C. Cardoso, Michael Fisher, Davide Ancona, Luca Franceschini, Viviana Mascardi

Citations: 49 • 2020

A Formal Model-Based Design Method for Robotic Systems

Rui Wang, Yong Guan, Houbing Song, Xinxin Li, Xiaojuan Li, Zhiping Shi, Xiaoyu Song

Citations: 47 • 2018

Towards automatic verification of autonomous systems

Reid Simmons, Charles Pecheur, Grama R. Srinivasan

Citations: 45 • 2002