Integrated Eco-Driving and Powertrain Optimization for Hybrid Vehicles in Complex Urban Traffic

Abstract

Urban eco-driving requires the simultaneous planning of speed, acceleration, lane decisions, surrounding-vehicle safety, intersection rules, and vehicle energy use. Existing studies commonly optimize only selected aspects of urban driving, such as longitudinal motion, lane changing, intersection crossing, or powertrain energy management, while treating the remaining decisions separately. Unlike these studies, this paper develops an integrated finite-horizon eco-driving planning framework for urban hybrid vehicles that jointly optimizes traffic behavior and powertrain operation within a unified mixed-integer formulation. The novelty of the proposed method lies in simultaneously modeling longitudinal motion, lane occupancy and changes, car-following and lane-change safety, signalized and unsignalized intersection behavior, and hybrid powertrain operation. The formulation captures lane availability, lane-dependent speed limits, mandatory and emergency lane changes, safe-to-clear signal conditions, downstream clearance, stop-and-yield rules, engine and motor power, battery state of charge, regenerative braking, and fuel consumption. Simulation studies compare the proposed method with rule-following, signal-aware, overtaking-enabled, and kinematic-only optimization baselines. The results demonstrate improved energy performance while maintaining feasible, safe, comfortable, and traffic-rule-compliant urban driving plans.