LQR based stabilization of an 1D heat equation with advection and memory effects

Abstract

We derive a one-dimensional model for heat transfer in a moving fluid incorporating Fourier conduction, an exponentially decaying memory term, and advection under thermally insulated boundary conditions. We numerically construct a bounded state feedback law driving the closed-loop solution to zero exponentially with decay rate at least $ω>0$ for every initial state, i.e., we solve the $ω$-stabilization problem. We explicitly describe the eigenvalues of the state operator $A$, a subset of which converges to a finite negative accumulation point that sets the upper bound on the achievable decay rate. Since $A$ lacks compact resolvent, we show that the spectrum is the closure of its eigenvalues, each of finite algebraic multiplicity, and use this to verify stabilizability. For $ω$ below the accumulation bound, the problem is solvable provided the control operator $B$ satisfies a non-orthogonality condition. To compute gains, we formulate an LQR problem and solve finite-dimensional approximations: for each $n$ we construct $A_n$, $B_n$ approximating $A$, $B$ and solve the associated algebraic Riccati equation for a gain $K_n$. We show that, for all sufficiently large $n$, $K_n$ can be chosen so every eigenvalue of $A_n+B_nK_n$ satisfies $\operatorname{Re}λ<-ω$, and we establish stabilizability of $(A_n+ωI,B_n)$ uniformly in $n$. Hence, for large $n$, these gains solve the $ω$-stabilization problem for the original system. We validate the results numerically with an example.