The Impact of Digital Technology on International Humanitarian Law: Ethical and Legal Implications of Autonomous Weapons Systems

Abstract

This article examines the complex intersection of digital technology and international humanitarian law (IHL), with a particular focus on autonomous weapons systems (AWS). The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and robotics has fundamentally transformed modern warfare, challenging the traditional legal frameworks designed for conventional conflicts. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing legal instruments, scholarly discourse, and emerging state practices, this study explores how the principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution apply to increasingly autonomous military technologies. This article argues that while current IHL provisions remain relevant, significant gaps exist regarding accountability, meaningful human control, and ethical decision-making in autonomous systems. It concludes by proposing adaptive interpretations of existing frameworks and potential new regulatory approaches to address the unique challenges posed by digital warfare technologies while preserving humanitarian protection in armed conflicts.