Elements of Educational Technology 4.0 on the Example of Augmented Reality Using an Avatar of an Anthropomorphic Dental Robot Simulator

Abstract

This paper presents an innovative solution for dental education within the framework of Industry 4.0: an anthropomorphic dental simulator combining the advantages of robotics, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR). The integration of a six-axis KUKA robotic arm with the Unity virtual environment provides a high degree of realism in simulating dental procedures. The use of neural networks allows for objective assessment of student performance by analyzing video streams from cameras inside the simulator's oral cavity. The research aims to build educational environment elements based on Industry 4.0 technology, utilizing gamification and avatars. The novelty of this research lies in the unique combination of an industrial robot, VR/AR technologies, and artificial intelligence to create a personalized and interactive learning environment. The development methodology involved creating a virtual jaw model, programming the robot for precise movements, and training neural networks on a large dataset. Results demonstrated that the developed simulator significantly improves learning efficiency, reduces student adaptation time, and allows for objective assessment of their skills. Future development includes integration with other medical simulators, the creation of adaptive learning programs, and the application of artificial intelligence for deeper analysis of learning data. The examples presented in this paper confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach and open new perspectives in the development of innovative training simulators for dentistry. The anthropomorphic dental simulator presented allows for the application of augmented reality in remote dental education and the simulation of various diseases, significantly improving the practical training of both instructors and students for working with patients.