Analysis of the Effectiveness of Minimally Invasive Surgical Interventions in Chronic Complicated Forms of Colonic Diverticulitis

Abstract

Introduction . Diverticular disease refers to common non-neoplastic diseases of the colon, accounting for 30–60% of all pathologies of the organ. According to clinical guidelines, the treatment strategy for complicated forms of diverticulitis is predominantly conservative. However, certain forms of chronic complicated diverticulitis require surgical intervention, particularly sigmoid resection. Materials and methods . The study involved a retrospective analysis of robot-assisted, laparoscopic, and open sigmoid resections for chronic complicated forms of diverticular disease of the colon. From 2014 to 2023, a total of 85 patients underwent surgery at the Clinic of Bashkir State Medical University. In Group 1, 24 patients (28.3%) underwent surgery, in Group 2 — 28 patients (32.9%), and in Group 3 — 33 (38.8%). The results were processed using mathematical statistical methods, MS Excel XP, and Statistica 10.0 software. Results and discussion . The comparative analysis of minimally invasive surgical interventions and open surgeries revealed that the application of minimally invasive surgery, specifically robot-assisted and laparoscopic approaches, is associated with reduced hospital stay and fewer postoperative complications compared to similar metrics observed with open surgical procedures. Conclusion . The study findings indicate the advantages of robot-assisted surgeries in certain cases, which, as an alternative method, do not fall short of traditional laparoscopic surgical techniques. Moreover, robot-assisted interventions are associated with earlier postoperative recovery and reduced hospital stay.