Role of Cutting-Edge Technology in Horticulture Crops for Shaping the Future Smart Farming Ecosystem: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Agricultural automation is rapidly advancing worldwide, with crop management systems optimizing cultivation across diverse conditions. In India, where horticultural crops are economically vital despite limited land, innovative technologies like AI, blockchain, IoT, remote sensing, and hydroponics are key to meeting growing demand. Advances in AI, robotics, and machine learning now enable effective monitoring of plants, pests, and diseases. This review examines the global impact of these technologies on horticulture, including their effects on food production, associated challenges, and future prospects, along with digital tools for farm management.