Role of VR and AR in Industry 5.0 and Smart Manufacturing

Abstract

As the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) reaches maturity, companies are increasingly adopting smart systems and advanced technologies to improve productivity and quality. Emerging now is Industry 5.0, which emphasizes placing human well-being at the center of manufacturing processes. This phase introduces advanced immersive technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), designed to enhance human-machine interaction. These tools are now widely adopted in areas like design, maintenance, assembly, storage management, quality assurance, layout planning, and CNC simulation. AR/VR technologies also incorporate features such as voice and gesture recognition, predictive maintenance, decision support systems, collaborative robots, and digital twins.