Security, Privacy, Trust, and Other Issues in Industries 4.0

Abstract

In today's global scenario, digitalization has reached a higher level. In the earlier era, only mobile phones and computers were connected to the internet, but with the advent of new technology such as surveillance cameras, biometric devices, automated vehicles, robots, and smart devices, nearly a billion devices are now connected to the internet, and by the year 2025, more than 50 billion devices would be connected with the internet. In this situation, security is the most concerning topic that whether the connected devices are safe or being attacked by unauthorized users. There is a lot to be gained by adopting Industry 4.0 technologies, so why has not adoption kept pace with expectations? The answer is simple: security. The industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) will have sensing, visualization, and analytics tools that can be accessed by anyone, anytime, anywhere in the world. However, the real challenges are not that machines are talking with each other. The main challenge is that people are interacting more and more through the machine and because of this the deeply rooted security problem with the possibility of impersonation, identity theft, hacking, and, in general, cyber-threats. Industry 4.0 fosters significant improvements to data exchange and industrial control in the manufacturing industry, as embodied in so-called smart factories. Manufacturing businesses need to make sure that IP assets, such as technical documentation and design files, are managed securely in addition to guaranteeing that the aforementioned responsibilities are completed. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a future-facing development of the Internet, where objects are communicating with each other. IoT devices will use sensor-based technologies, and they transmit the data from one device to another device or server. The gathered data is stored either in a cloud-based warehouse or a data warehouse. The challenges arise in the security of the gathered data; it should not be used by unauthorized or intruders. The resilience of production processes strongly depends on the manufacturing companies' awareness of the current threat landscape and the employed security framework for protecting against attacks. Nearly 70% of most commonly used IoT devices contain vulnerabilities, which 56% unlikely or highly unlikely would be able to detect as a sophisticated attack by the organization. As IIoT is entering our day-to-day life, security risks are also pertaining to grow, and cyberattacks are no longer a matter of “what, when, if how, why.” Cybercriminals are also working on new technology to hack the disrupted sensitive data or damage the data.