Advancements in Physiotherapy: A Systematic Review of AI, Robotics, and Wearable Sensor Technologies

Abstract

Background The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and wearable sensor technologies in physiotherapy has transformed rehabilitation by improving patient assessment, treatment personalization, and recovery monitoring. These advancements enhance clinical decision-making, increase accessibility to physiotherapy, and optimize patient outcomes. However, cost, ethical considerations, and technological limitations require further exploration. Methods A systematic review was conducted by analyzing peer-reviewed articles published in the last decade from databases such as PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus. Studies focusing on AI-driven rehabilitation, robotic-assisted therapy, and wearable sensor applications in physiotherapy were included. Data were synthesized to assess the effectiveness, challenges, and future potential of these technologies. Results The findings indicate that AI enhances diagnosis and treatment planning through machine learning and predictive analytics, while robotic devices, including exoskeletons and assistive rehabilitation robots, significantly improve motor function in patients with musculoskeletal and neurological impairments. Wearable sensors provide real-time monitoring, facilitating remote physiotherapy and data-driven interventions. Despite these advancements, limitations such as high implementation costs, patient adherence, and data security concerns remain. Conclusion AI, robotics, and wearable sensors are revolutionizing physiotherapy by offering precise, personalized, and accessible rehabilitation solutions. While these technologies demonstrate promising results, further research is needed to address existing barriers and enhance their clinical integration. Future developments should focus on cost-effectiveness, ethical considerations, and user-friendly designs to maximize patient benefits and healthcare efficiency.