Design and develop a robot arm to automatically feed workpieces for laser engraving machines

Abstract

This study presents the design, development, and experimental evaluation of a 4-DOF SCARA robotic arm, integrated with a programmable logic controller (PLC) and stepper motors, for automating workpiece handling in laser engraving processes. The system enhances both safety and efficiency by autonomously managing the grasping, placement, and retrieval of workpieces, thereby reducing human exposure to laser hazards. The robotic arm, equipped with dual vacuum suction heads, enables precise "pick and place" operations by loading new workpieces and removing finished products simultaneously. This dual-action design minimizes cycle time by allowing continuous handling throughout the engraving process. Powered by stepper motors controlled via a PLC, the robotic arm achieves high precision in motion, allowing for accurate alignment of each workpiece. Experimental results demonstrate the system's capability to maintain consistent product quality and uniformity, even with the complex demands of grasping and aligning workpieces. This automated solution represents an efficient and reliable alternative to manual operations, addressing industry needs for precision, safety, and productivity in repetitive laser-based manufacturing environments.