Development of SMA integrated composite structures with stiff sections subjected to localized deformations

Abstract

Abstract Materials that can change shape in response to external parameters are becoming essential in developing future technologies in robotics, aerospace, and smart systems. This study focuses on the development of fiber-reinforced composites embedded with shape memory alloys (SMA) to enable localized bending and twisting deformations. By carefully designing the internal fiber structure and incorporating SMA wires, the composites were fabricated to deform in specific ways when activated. Multiple design variants were created to study how changes in fiber orientation, number of SMA wires and localized stiffness influence the deformation behavior. A depth-sensing camera setup with synchronized Azure Kinect devices was used to capture and analyze the resulting 3D shape changes. The obtained data facilitated the identification and tracking of specific points on the composite, enabling precise deformation measurement. The results highlight the significant impact of fiber angles and stiff sections on guiding bending and twisting behavior, contributing valuable insights toward the design of adaptive smart materials with controlled, complex deformation capabilities.