AI, Optimization, and Human Values: Mapping the Intellectual Landscape of Industry 4.0 to 5.0

Abstract

This study conducts a systematic bibliometric literature review to explore the conceptual and technological transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, focusing on the roles of artificial intelligence (AI), optimization, and human values. Applying the PRISMA 2020 protocol, the analysis includes 53 peer-reviewed sources from the Scopus database, emphasizing the integration of advanced technologies such as cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things, collaborative robotics, and explainable AI. While Industry 4.0 is marked by intelligent automation and digital connectivity, Industry 5.0 introduces a human-centric paradigm emphasizing sustainability, resilience, and co-creation. The findings underscore the significance of human-machine collaboration, process personalization, AI education, and ethical governance as foundational pillars of this new industrial era. The review highlights the emerging role of enabling technologies that reconcile technical performance with social and environmental values, promoting a more inclusive and sustainable model for industrial development.