Does Humanness Matter? An Ethical Evaluation of Sharing Care Work with Social Robots

Abstract

While social robots offer potential benefits like task assistance and companionship, their integration raises concerns about the erosion of human connection and the dehumanization of care. Through a qualitative study of older adults, family caregivers, and professional caregivers in Switzerland, we examined their perceptions of social robots and their understanding of the "human contact" in eldercare. Findings revealed the importance of emotional warmth, complex social interactions, and empathy. However, participants also acknowledged the potential benefits of such robots in specific tasks. We argue that the ethical assessment of care robots should focus on determining when robotic contact is desirable. By understanding the limitations of human connection and that humanness is a dual character concept (both descriptive and normative), we identify scenarios where social robots may offer advantages, such as providing care without judging and stimulate social engagement. Robotic "touch" can potentially complement human care in certain situations, preserving older persons' dignity and improving their quality of life.