ROS-Compatible Robotics Simulators for Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0: A Systematic Review of Trends and Technologies

Abstract

Simulators play a critical role in the development and testing of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 applications. However, few studies have examined their capabilities beyond physics modeling, particularly in terms of connectivity and integration within broader robotic ecosystems. This review addresses this gap by focusing on ROS-compatible simulators. Using the SEGRESS methodology in combination with the PICOC framework, this study systematically analyzes 65 peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025 to identify key trends, capabilities, and application domains of ROS-integrated robotic simulators in industrial and manufacturing contexts. Our findings indicate that Gazebo is the most commonly used simulator in Industry 4.0, primarily due to its strong compatibility with ROS, while Unity is most prevalent in Industry 5.0 for its advanced visualization, support for human interaction, and extended reality (XR) features. Additionally, the study examines the adoption of ROS and ROS 2, and identifies complementary communication and integration technologies that help address the current interoperability challenges of ROS. These insights are intended to inform researchers and practitioners about the current landscape of simulation platforms and the core technologies frequently incorporated into robotics research.