Virtual horizons: Enhancing rehabilitation of neuromuscular diseases through virtual reality and gamification

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) encompass a diverse range of disorders that impair muscle function, often leading to progressive weakness and loss of independence. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to synthesize research on how virtual reality (VR) and gamified rehabilitation approaches enhance patient engagement and outcomes, ultimately reshaping rehabilitation practices for individuals with NMDs. METHODS: Studies were identified from an online search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases with a search time range from 2014 to 2024. This review has been registered on Open OSF (n) RCNHE. RESULTS: Robotics, VR, and biofeedback, in turn, enriched by gamification, represent the improvement of motor function, motivation, and psychosocial well-being within rehabilitation concerning NMDs. Using emerging technologies seems promising to improve engagement, delay functional decline, and enhance quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review identified that VR and gamification provide the potential to enhance rehabilitation outcomes in patients suffering from NMDs. The future will doubtless have more subjects included and optimization of interventions to best personalize treatments, hence best practice recommendations can be made towards wider clinical implementations.