PERSPECTIVES ON THE HISTORY OF THE CYBERNETICS MOVEMENT: THE PATH TO CURRENT RESEARCH THROUGH THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF NORBERT WIENER, WARREN McCULLOCH, AND JOHN VON NEUMANN

Abstract

This is a historical and biographical article that traces the part and life of three of the main pillars of the emergent cybernetics science: Norbert Wiener, Warren McCulloch, and John von Neumann. Though different in their backgrounds, outlook, and scientific work, it is shown how these three main protagonists have jointly erected the cybernetics edifice which now houses robotics, artificial intelligence, automata theory, neural net theory, systems theory, biomedical cybernetics, informatics, and related fields.