Robotic Radiosurgery for Adrenal Gland Metastases

Abstract

Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of CyberKnife (CK) robotic radiosurgery for treatment of adrenal metastases. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 23 patients with adrenal metastases who had been treated with CK between October 2006 and December 2015. Fifteen patients received chemotherapy prior to radiosurgery, all patients underwent computer tomography (CT) fluoroscopically guided percutaneous placement of one to three gold fiducials into the adrenal gland. Nineteen patients were selected for single-fraction radiosurgery with a median dose of 22 Gy, four patients were treated in three fractions with a median dose of 13.5 Gy. Results Median follow-up time was 23.6 months. Four patients (17%) experienced local relapse during the evaluation period with a mean time of 19 months to tumor progression. The actuarial local tumor control rate was 95% after one year and 81% after two years. Three of the four patients with local recurrence were retreated with CK radiosurgery. Dynamic tumor tracking enabled accurate treatment with correlation errors less than 2 mm, despite extensive respiration-induced target motion up to 22 mm. Apart from nausea directly after treatment in five patients, we observed no early or late treatment-related side effects. Conclusions Single fraction robotic radiosurgery for adrenal gland metastases is a safe and effective treatment option for patients who are not eligible for surgical resection.