Meta analysis of the usage of the Godspeed Questionnaire Series

Abstract

Standardized metrics for assessing the success of robots is a necessity for a research field to compare and validate results. The Godspeed Questionnaire Series (GQS) is one of the most frequently used questionnaires in the field of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) with over 160 citations as of October 2014. In this paper, we present a meta analysis of studies that used the GQS. The HRI community uses a large variety of robotic platforms and only the NAO robot seems to be used by multiple research groups. A qualitative meta analysis of 18 NAO studies reveals accumulated findings on perceived intelligence, likability, and anthropomorphism, but also reveals contradictions on how the robot's behaviour and task context impact GQS ratings. The paper closes with a reflection on how added value of data analysis and presentation could be achieved for the HRI community in future.