From Maneuver to Mishap: A Systematic Literature Review on U-Turn Safety Risks

Abstract

Understanding the impacts of U-turn configurations on intersection safety and traffic operations is essential for developing effective strategies to enhance road safety and efficiency. Extensive research has been conducted to investigate the role of geometric designs, driver behavior, and advanced technologies in mitigating crash risks and improving traffic flow at U-turn facilities. By synthesizing this collective body of work through the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), this paper provides a valuable resource for transportation professionals, policymakers, and researchers seeking evidence-based solutions. This systematic review draws on studies from diverse traffic environments and regional contexts, focusing on innovative design interventions, such as restricted crossing U-turns (RCUTs) and median U-turn intersections (MUTs), as well as integrated strategies leveraging technological advancements. By presenting a comprehensive analysis of U-turn-related challenges and opportunities, this review contributes to advancing transportation safety research and guiding the development of adaptive strategies tailored to varied traffic conditions and evolving technologies.