Resilient Chaotic Cross-Layer Routing for Smart Grid IoT Networks

Abstract

This paper presents the Distributed Adaptive Multi-Radio Cross-Layer Routing (DAMCR) protocol, designed to enhance reliability, adaptability, and energy efficiency in smart grid and industrial Internet of Things (IoT) communication networks. DAMCR integrates Chaotic Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (C-FHSS) to improve physical-layer security and jamming resilience with Link-Adaptive Quality Power Control (LAQPC) to dynamically regulate transmission power based on instantaneous link quality and residual node energy. To meet heterogeneous traffic requirements, the protocol incorporates priority-aware message classification that differentiates between periodic monitoring data and time-critical fault and protection messages. The proposed framework is implemented and evaluated in MATLAB using a heterogeneous network composed of LoRa, Wi-Fi, and dual-radio nodes operating under AWGN, Rayleigh, and Rician fading environments. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that DAMCR consistently achieves a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) exceeding 95% across all evaluated scenarios, while maintaining end-to-end latency between 17 and 23 ms, even in the presence of controlled jamming attacks. These results confirm that the tight integration of chaos-based spectrum agility, cross-technology routing, and energy-aware cross-layer adaptation significantly improves communication reliability, latency stability, and resilience compared to conventional single-radio and static-routing protocols.