EXOSKELETONS IN NEUROLOGICAL REHABILITATION: A COMMENTARY ON CURRENT EVIDENCE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

摘要

Neurological disorders like stroke and spinal cord injury (SCI) are among the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide, causing severe physical, emotional, and economic burdens to patients, families, and healthcare systems. While conventional forms of rehabilitation like physical therapy are the foundation of restoration, they are often limited by resource constraints, variability in delivery, and inaccessibility problems. Robot exoskeletons have emerged as revolutionary technology in neurorehabilitation by allowing for high-intensity, repetitive and task-specific training that enables neuroplasticity and recovery of function. This commentary pertains to the increasing application of exoskeletons to promote mobility, autonomy, and quality of life in patients with stroke and SCI. Clinical trials suggest noteworthy gait speed, endurance, balance, strength, cardiovascular, and psychological resilience gains. But these challenges, such as high cost, heterogeneity of devices, short-term data constraints, and ethical challenges of equity and informed consent, must be overcome. Greater integration into public health systems could reduce disability burden, enhance access to rehabilitation, and enhance outcomes in a variety of populations. Future advances include the development of cost-effective, transportable models, customized therapy protocols, and large clinical trials to enable widespread clinical application. With strategic collaboration and continuous innovation, exoskeletons are set to leave a strong footprint on the neurological rehabilitation horizon of the future.