Orthognathic Surgery for Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes: A Multidisciplinary Perspective

摘要

Orthognathic surgery is a cornerstone in the correction of dentofacial discrepancies, offering both functional and aesthetic improvements for patients with skeletal malocclusions and facial asymmetries. This surgical approach requires a multidisciplinary collaboration among orthodontists, maxillofacial surgeons, and rehabilitation specialists to ensure optimal outcomes. This review delves into the comprehensive treatment pathway, beginning with preoperative orthodontic preparation, where dental decompensation and arch coordination play crucial roles. The integration of digital planning tools and virtual surgical simulations has significantly enhanced precision in treatment planning, allowing for customized osteotomies that cater to individual anatomical needs. Beyond skeletal realignment, orthognathic surgery has profound implications for occlusal stability, temporomandibular joint function, airway dynamics, and overall facial aesthetics. The impact of different surgical techniques on obstructive sleep apnea, speech function, and soft tissue response will be explored. Additionally, the review will address postoperative rehabilitation, emphasizing strategies to enhance recovery, minimize complications, and ensure long-term stability. Patient satisfaction remains a critical measure of success, influenced by both objective surgical outcomes and subjective perceptions of facial balance and symmetry. Finally, emerging trends in technology-driven orthognathic surgery, such as artificial intelligence-assisted planning, 3D-printed patient-specific implants, and robotic-assisted osteotomies, will be discussed, providing insight into the future of maxillofacial surgery. By integrating innovative techniques with a patient-centered approach, orthognathic surgery continues to evolve, offering transformative results that extend beyond aesthetics to significantly improve functionality and quality of life.