Intelligent Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

摘要

large number of mechanical, electronic, and electromechanical elements Hence a HEV can be considered as a Complex System (CS). A Complex System is a system that can be analyzed into many components having relatively many relations among them, so that the behaviour of each component depends on the behaviour of others (Simon. A.H,1973). In the real world, many problems and systems exist that are too complex or uncertain to be represented by complete and accurate mathematical models. However, such systems need to be designed, optimized, and controlled. CSs can be handled by Intelligent Systems (ISs). ISs can learn from examples, are fault tolerant, are able to deal with non-linear problems, and once trained can perform prediction and generalization at high speed. Intelligence systems have been used in diverse applications in control, robotics, pattern recognition, forecasting, medicine, power systems, manufacturing, optimization, signal processing, and social/psychological sciences. They are useful in system modelling such as in implementing complex mappings and system identification. ISs comprise areas like expert systems, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic and various hybrid systems, which combine two or more of these techniques. ISs play an important role in modelling and prediction of the performance and control of energy and renewable energy processes. According to literature, ISs have been applied to energy and renewable energy engineering.