Optimizing Chitosan-Cellulose Composites for Sustainable 3D Printing

Abstract

Abstract This study aims to optimize the additive manufacturing of chitosan/cellulose materials, enhancing their applicability. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report, 40% of global greenhouse gas emissions come from the construction industry. Our goal is to reduce emissions in construction, improve material efficiency, and lower emission intensity. The traditional linear economic model in construction leads to significant CO 2 emissions and construction waste. Therefore, based on the principles of a circular economy, particularly in 3D printing technology, we investigated chitosan and cellulose as biodegradable materials, which are natural high-molecular-weight polymers. Past research has identified shrinkage issues in 3D printing using chitosan and cellulose. By optimizing the printing paths to increase the material’s contact area with air, we aimed to reduce overall structural shrinkage, enhancing the application scenarios of this novel material in construction. The research covers three dimensions: materials, software, and hardware. Experimental results demonstrate that the addition of paper fibers not only reduces shrinkage and cracking but also improves strength, making the material more stable. We utilized Rhino-Grasshopper software for analysis and path generation and integrated robots and extrusion devices in 3D printing technology. Through the implementation of the material-design-build process, we aim to enhance the prospects of degradable materials in the construction industry, mitigate the negative impacts on the building lifecycle, and promote a more environmentally friendly, conscious, and energy-efficient construction sector.