Cattle welfare, science and policy

Abstract

This paper summarizes welfare problems in cattle. Behavioural as well as health problems are discussed for veal, beef and milk production systems. In particular in veal calves there are major welfare problems related to small space allowance, individual housing and denial of roughage. In the intensive beef production system there are welfare problems as well (some behavioural problems and leg disorders). Welfare problems in dairy cows are mainly caused by health problems such as claw disorders and mastitis. Welfare problems related to the transport of cattle are briefly described. Finally, potential threats are presented. In selecting programmes for increased meat or milk production, and in further developments of the milking robot and of biotechnology, the possible negative consequences for animal welfare (behaviour and health) need to be taken into account.