A Review on Surgical Robotic Platforms Including RMIS, AI‐Based CAS Systems, Challenges, and Future Directions

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Surgical Robotic Platforms (SRPs) have transformed the way surgeons perform Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgeries (RMIS). SRPs utilize Computer-Assisted Surgery (CAS) systems to guide surgeons. METHODS: This review paper systematically examines 31 SRPs, analysing their benefits and limitations to provide a comprehensive understanding of their role in RMIS execution. In addition, it proposes the logical classification of SRPs. Furthermore, it presents and validates the hypothesis that the use of SRPs and AI-based CAS enhances clinical outcomes by providing an accurate RMIS execution. Moreover, it proposes a logically structured classification of CAS systems. RESULTS: Classification of evaluation parameters identified for the comparison of SRPs is introduced. An overview of 27 video-guided CAS systems and their comparison is presented. CONCLUSION: In a single place, this paper combines in-depth discussions of three contemporary areas: SRPs, RMIS, and CAS systems. It discusses the identified challenges and extensive future scope of research in three areas.