Centimeter‐Scale Magneto‐Reconfigurable Parallel Robots: A Grassmann Line Geometry Synthesis Framework for Multitask Adaptation Using Magneto‐Connected Part Library

Abstract

The development of centimeter‐scale reconfigurable parallel robots is critical for applications requiring precise, adaptive, and space‐constrained operations across bench‐top automation and minimally invasive systems. However, existing platforms struggle to balance miniaturization, multidegree‐of‐freedom flexibility, and rapid in situ reconfiguration for different tasks. To address these challenges, Grassmann Line‐Guided Magneto‐Operative Robotics is proposed, a systematic design framework that synergizes Grassmann line geometry with modular magnetic spherical joint connections to enable rapid in situ topology changes. A synthesis‐based method is employed to guide the assembly strategy design flow for a specific magneto‐connected parallel robot. The magneto‐coupled modules enable in situ minute‐level (average 48 s) reconfiguration across multiple types of centimeter‐scale magneto‐reconfigurable parallel robots, all sharing a common driving system and featuring a base diameter of 3.2 cm. As a case study, a widely used 3‐P(4S) robot system is fully analyzed. The regular workspace, considering the influence of magnetic connections and the global transmission index, is evaluated to assess the performance of different design parameters. Then, the payload experiment is conducted. Bench‐top positioning, bench‐top manipulation, and laparoscopic manipulation potentials are demonstrated. Overall, the proposed library and design methodology, utilizing magneto‐connected parts, enable the rapid prototyping of reconfigurable, modular parallel robots.