Superior productivity‐ in the laboratory and beyond

Abstract

Analytical chemistry enjoyed a revolution in instrumen- tal techniques during the 1960s and 1970s. This, in turn, stimulated new developments of simple laboratory auto- mation led by improved analytical instruments, auto- samplers and chromatographic integratcs. During the 1980s, new generations of powerful laboratory automa- tion emerged; primarily laboratory information systems and laboratory robotics for sample automation.