AI, robotics, medicine and health sciences

Abstract

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has provided many opportunities for improvements in healthcare. Early expectations were for AI to change the role of physicians, recruitment and education. This chapter explores the historical and intellectual development of AI and robotics, with a focus on health purposes. It covers major claims and developments, principal contributions to healthcare and major criticisms of using AI and robots in healthcare. Neural networks and Deep learning are complex techniques of machine learning. Artificial neural networks vaguely simulate how neurons in the brain would process signals. The 1980s and 1990s were characterised by a surge of interest in AI, especially the application of neural networks, fuzzy set theory and Bayesian networks. Wearable computing refers to computer-powered wearable items, such as clothing, earphones, shoes, socks, watches, wristbands and glasses. Mimicking the success and acceptance of animal therapy, many companion robots look and behave like real animals.