Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Robotic Harvesting of Agricultural Produce

Abstract

Robotic harvesting of fruits and vegetables is an advanced technology that leverages Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Vision to harvest the fruits autonomously from plants or trees. This technology aims to address labor shortages, enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize damage to the fruit during harvesting. AI algorithms for fruit detection and harvesting are increasingly used in agricultural automation to improve efficiency and accuracy. The accuracy of detection algorithms in fruit detection and harvesting can differ reliant on various factors, including the type of algorithm used, the quality and diversity of the training data, the complexity of the environment, and the specific fruits being targeted. Advanced control algorithms integrated with image processing ensure that the robotic arm moves smoothly and accurately, minimizing the risk of bruising or damaging the fruit. Soft robotics and adaptive gripping technologies are discussed in the paper which can handle delicate fruits like grapes, without applying excessive force. Machine vision integrated robot arm with novel gripper and cutter for harvesting cluster fruit like grapes is reported in the paper. Case studies of agricultural robots for Orchards, Greenhouses and Field Crops are discussed with detailed analysis along with challenges, future trends and innovations.