The Evolution of (Digital) Pedology – drawing from the past, adapting to the future

Abstract

• Pedology provides knowledge about soil processes and equips us with tools to manage and protect it. • Soil science must evolve with technological advancements to address global challenges. • Advocating for soil security and soil-centric policies are key to safeguarding the future of soil. Pedology, the study of soil formation and evolution in space and time, has evolved significantly over the past century, with major advancements in understanding soil formation, classification, and management. This evolution has been shaped by a variety of approaches, including soil profile analysis, soil genesis studies, and the development of soil classification systems. Recent technological innovations, such as digital soil mapping, proximal soil sensing, and mobile applications, have revolutionised the field, allowing for more efficient and comprehensive data collection, mapping, and analysis. However, several challenges remain, including the need for improved numerical classification systems, more accurate process-based soil-landscape models, and better understanding of human impacts on soil evolution. The future of soil science promises further advancements through machine learning, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, robotic measurement, and mega-computation, potentially enabling real-time, global soil monitoring. At the same time, concerns about the over-reliance on digital tools, the integration of AI, and the need for continued fieldwork persist. As human activity increasingly influences soil processes, a shift toward a more soil-centric approach to environmental sustainability is crucial. This paper highlights the ongoing evolution of pedology and the importance of integrating new technologies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and global advocacy for soil security in the anthropocene.