Definition and Classification

Abstract

Robots are complex machines that can work semi-autonomously or fully autonomously. Active biomedical micro- and nanorobots should be able to reach the body areas that cannot be reached through the catheter or invasive surgery for medical sampling or surgery, swim directly into the target area and deliver the precise dose of therapeutic drugs, and improve the treatment efficiency of drugs. There are many ways to classify biomedical micro- and nanorobots. This is because for biomedical micro- and nanorobots, bioengineers usually need to consider the following aspects: the composition, structure, size, and biodegradability of micro- and nanorobots; the driving mode of micro- and nanorobots and the type of driving source; the different functions of micro- and nanorobots, such as treatment, surgery, diagnosis, and medical imaging; and the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases by different micro- and nanorobots.