Autonomous Changes in Polymer Materials Driven by Chemical Fuels

Abstract

Abstract Time‐dependent properties in polymer materials can be achieved through coupling to out‐of‐equilibrium chemical fuel reactions that mimic biological processes. Through transient changes in bonding in polymers, transient gelation, changes in mechanical stiffness, swelling, self‐healing, or self‐assembly can be achieved. Recent advances in these categories are discussed. These out‐of‐equilibrium behaviors enable applications ranging from smart adhesives to actuators for soft robotics. However, challenges remain, including waste accumulation, bio‐compatibility, and achieving functionally useful performance. Addressing these issues is essential for advancing the practical use of chemically driven polymer materials and unlocking their full potential for future technologies.